Jonathan Richman and the Modern Lovers' self-titled debut album, released in 1976 after the band had already dissolved, was a seminal proto-punk record. Though Richman himself preferred his 1976 album, "Jonathan Richman and the Modern Lovers," as his true debut due to its lighter sound with a different band, "The Modern Lovers" compilation—drawn from sessions with John Cale and others from 1971-1973—garnered enthusiastic critical reception. It contained influential tracks like "Roadrunner," "She Cracked," and "Pablo Picasso," and was hailed by critics as one of the greatest art-rock albums of all time. This recording proved to be a direct link between the proto-punk sound of The Velvet Underground and the emerging new wave era, influencing countless indie and alternative acts for decades to come.

The album's unique sound was a blend of Richman's admiration for The Velvet Underground's melding of girl-group pop with experimental rock. The original lineup, existing from 1971 to 1973, featured Jonathan Richman on vocals and guitar, Jerry Harrison (later of Talking Heads) on keyboards, David Robinson (later of The Cars) on drums, and Ernie Brooks on bass. This "super-group-in-hindsight" recorded four demo sessions that would later form the basis of the 1976 album. The album championed uncomplicated structures and "oddball romanticism," famously romanticizing mundane subjects like driving on Massachusetts Route 128 in "Roadrunner."

"The Modern Lovers" had a profound impact on punk rock, new wave, and later indie music styles. Its influence can be seen in bands like the Sex Pistols, who covered "Roadrunner," and in the sounds that inspired New York art-punk figures like Richard Hell. The album's emphasis on feeling over grandeur, along with its balance of sincerity and irony, foreshadowed the poetic mundanity and cool edge that would define much of 2000s indie rock bands like The Strokes and Arctic Monkeys. Despite its posthumous release for the original band, the album remains a timeless classic.