Iran is increasingly prioritizing control over the Strait of Hormuz, viewing it as a "golden weapon" and a vital means of deterrence against the U.S. and Israel, even overshadowing its long-disputed nuclear program. This strategic shift has led to recent escalations, including attacks on civilian vessels and a direct exchange of fire with the United States.
Tehran believes that recognition of its management rights over the strait is a prerequisite for resuming nuclear talks with the U.S. Iranian officials interpret the U.S.-Iran memorandum of understanding as implicitly acknowledging their right to manage the waterway, despite U.S. and Gulf states' interpretations that emphasize free passage without restrictions.
The Strait of Hormuz is economically crucial, with approximately one-fifth of the world's oil supply transiting through it before recent conflicts. Iran's effective blockade of the waterway has caused global energy prices to surge, fueling inflation. The U.S. is demanding Iran publicly commit to stopping attacks on ships and ensuring all lanes are open with no tolls through the waterway. However, Iran has threatened to close the strait if necessary to exert economic leverage and deter further U.S. military action.
An Omani draft proposal suggested free navigation through the southern corridor in Omani territorial waters, with vessels transiting the northern Iranian corridor requiring prior approval but no tolls. However, Iran's Deputy Foreign Affairs Minister for Legal and International Affairs stated that Iran would implement its "sovereignty and new policy" in the strait even without an agreement with Oman, demonstrating Iran's strong resolve to control the vital waterway.
Iran's continued attacks on civilian vessels and Gulf states, despite U.S. retaliatory strikes, underscore its commitment to asserting control over the Strait of Hormuz, which it sees as its primary strategic deterrent. This stance indicates that Iran is unlikely to abandon its efforts to control the strait, viewing it as crucial for its strategic objectives.
